Learning How to LearnTime tested method to understand, learn, and remember moreDr. Jigme Tenzin
  

Welcome to the seminar on learning how to learn

Where I will show you how to effectively learn. .

Hello.

So hello- I'm so happy to meet you guys and give this talk on how to learn. Learning is prerequisite for a school. However, as a students, one is rarely taught how to learn effectively.

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Jigme Tenzin

@jigme77
@tenz_jigme
jigme-tenzin.netlify.app

My name is Jigme Tenzin. I work as lecturer in the department of animal science. Now, I am a trainee at Rural Development Administration, South Korea.

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I love learning.

I feel it is prerequisite for everyone to love learning. In the 21st century, information is available everywhere.But as a student, it has been hard climb. We are bombarded with constant distraction. I try learning new things. I can programme a bit in R and beginner in python programming. I I try to read a lot now.

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Who are you?

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You're a student

Here's who I know you are...

You're an student. You want to learn. You want to do good in life. Probably, learning has been not easy for you.

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You're a student

You have many things to learn and master

Here's who I know you are...

You're an student. You want to learn. You want to do good in life. Probably, learning has been not easy for you.

You have many materials or subjects or modules to read ...

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You are a student

You have many things to learn and master

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You are a student

You have many things to learn and master

You work really hard

Maybe sometimes too hard.

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How it feels

As a learner you have many things to study: History, Science, Math, Biology, Chemistry, and Phyiscs

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 1: Climb onto it

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 1: Climb onto it

Step 2: Trying to paddle ...

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 1: Climb onto it

Step 2: Trying to paddle ...

Step 3: Falls down ...

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 1: Climb onto it

Step 2: Trying to paddle ...

Step 3: Falls down ...

Step 4: Falls down ...

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 5 - 100: Falls down ...

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How do you learn to ride a bicycle

Step 5 - 100: Falls down ...

Learning should be like learning to ride a bicycle. You don't give up until you ride them.

Learning should be like riding a bicycle and treated like it. If you think carefully, the analogy is same. You will not leave learning the bike half-baked because it is life and death situation. However, in learning - we tend not to understand the concepts really well.

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The joy of riding a bike

cycle

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So how do we really learn

Your mindset is the bedrock for learning

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So how do we really learn

Your mindset is the bedrock for learning

I cannot grow

I am not intelligent

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Fixed Mindset

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So how do we really learn

Your mindset is the bedrock for learning

I cannot grow

I am not intelligent

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Fixed Mindset

I can grow

I can work hard

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Growth Mindset

before really going into it lets talk about our mindsets. Sometimes we feel that we are not cut out for something. I am not at this, I am not good at this. What you need to do is cultivate a growth mindset. Shift your perspective from fixed mindset to growth mindset. Say I can grow.

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mindset-carol-dweck

Mindset by Carol Dweck

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How to Learn

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How to Learn

1. UNDERSTANDING

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How to Learn

1. UNDERSTANDING

2. REMEMBERING

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How to Learn

1. UNDERSTANDING

2. REMEMBERING

3. FOCUSING

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UNDERSTANDING

Understanding a concept is the first prerequisite to learning. If you do not understand, there is no point in remembering.

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Understanding

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Richard Feynman

The best teacher I never had.”

~ Bill Gates

richard-feynman

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Feynman technique

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Feynman technique

Teaching it to someone

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Feynman technique

Teaching it to someone

If you cannot explain it simply, you haven't understood

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Feynman technique

Teaching it to someone

If you cannot explain it simply, you haven't understood

How to go about it?

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Feynman technique

Teaching it to someone

If you cannot explain it simply, you haven't understood

How to go about it?

Keep the language as simple as possible. Try translating it to your native tongue.
Drill down to the essence

In general, keep the language simple. Try explaining it in own language.

Drill down to the essence. How can I explain it in simple words, as simple as possible. For example, what is a research hypothesis? It is a claim that you are making.

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Question to ask as you learn some new concepts?

- Does this make sense? Could I explain this to a 5 year old?

- Explain it to your friends. Ask why? Try explaining, if you cannot explain, then go back and study the concept, fill the gap.

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“When I teach, I get to learn it twice.”

~ Jim Kwik, Author of Limitless and Brain Coach

jimkwik

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“It is not about mental intelligence; it is about mental fitness.”

~ Jim Kwik, Author and Coach

"Teaching is a great way to keep learning."

~ Matthea Harvey - an American poet

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

The first group would read the material only once.

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

The first group would read the material only once.
The second group would read the material four times.

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

The first group would read the material only once.
The second group would read the material four times.
The third group would read the material then were told to make a mind map.

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

The first group would read the material only once.
The second group would read the material four times.
The third group would read the material then were told to make a mind map.
The fourth group would red the material once, then recall as much as possible.

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The Science of Active Recall

Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process.

Evidence

The first group would read the material only once.
The second group would read the material four times.
The third group would read the material then were told to make a mind map.
The fourth group would red the material once, then recall as much as possible.

Karpicke, J. D., & Blunt, J. R. (2011). Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science, 331(6018), 772-775.

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Strategy

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Strategy

- Think about what you have learned

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Strategy

- Think about what you have learned

- Test on the concept

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Strategy

- Think about what you have learned

- Test on the concept

- Practice Retrieval

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Strategy

- Think about what you have learned

- Test on the concept

- Practice Retrieval

- Trust the process

“Test ourselves as a way to learn new concepts.”

Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques: promising direction from cognitive and educational psychology. ~ Dunlosky et al. (2013)

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Strategy

- Closed the book - and write notes

- Alternative to making notes - ask questions

- Use Anki flashcards

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One of the most striking research findings is the power of active retrieval—testing—to strengthen memory, and that the more effortful the retrieval, the stronger the benefit."

~ Peter C. Brown

One of the best habits a learner can instill in herself is regular self-quizzing to recalibrate her understanding of what she does and does not know.

~ Peter C. Brown

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Taking notes during class

- Handwritten notes are better (University of Washington Research)

- Harder you have to work for something, better the results

- Use mindmap to write notes

"Notetaking during class also drives away sleep."

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Taking notes after class

- Build active recall questions

"Consolidate understanding with active recall."

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Scoping the subject?

"Where does the subject fits in whole?"

- Don't lose the forest for the trees.

- Look at the syllabus or the module descriptor.

- Get the gist of the subject as a whole.

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Why do you need to understand?

First step towards real learning
If you understand, it is easier to retain
How do you know that you have understood?
- Internal coherence
- Gold standard is to explain it to 5 year olds
Have a mental model of the subject or concepts
Create your own syllabus if you are stuck (find your own resouces)

You can't know everything, but you have to know some things really well.

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Remembering

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The Magic of Spaced Repetition

Cramming is for short-term

The forgetting curve - Hermann Ebbinghaus

Decay of memory

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The more you repeat a topic, longer the retention

Spaced repetition of a topic

Study a topic for some time. Then shift to another subject. Harder the retrieval, difficult it is to forget!

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Retrospective revision timetable

Retrospective

Based on topic

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Spaced repetition dairy

Building spaced repetition dairy (Prospective diary)

1st of august – Tissues
- 2nd of August – Tissues
- 9th of August – Joints
- 17th of August – Blood

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The power of interleaved practice

Mix up practice

Choose a topic, study for one hour, next hour choose another topic

Evidence show when some things are harder, then people learn

Loads of evidence especially math practice

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Make you study hard.

Mix with Dzongkha, nutrition, academic skills within one study session

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Rereading your notes?

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Rereading your notes?

Rereading is probably waste of time

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Rereading your notes?

Rereading is probably waste of time

“A wealth of research has shown that passive repetitive reading produces little or no benefit for learning. Yet, not only was repetitive reading the most frequently listed strategy, it was also the strategy most often listed as students’ number one choice.”

Dunlosky et al., 2013

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