class: title-slide, center, bottom # Learning How to Learn ## Time tested method to understand, learn, and remember more ### Dr. Jigme Tenzin ??? Welcome to the seminar on learning how to learn Where I will show you how to effectively learn. . --- layout: true <a class="footer-link" href="https://jigme-tenzin.netlify.app/talks">learn/tips</a> --- name: cnr class: center, middle background-image: url(images/cnr-snow-2022.jpeg) background-size: cover <style type="text/css"> .panelset { --panel-tab-font-family: Work Sans; --panel-tab-background-color-active: #fffbe0; --panel-tab-border-color-active: #023d4d; } .panelset .panel-tabs .panel-tab > a { color: #023d4d; } </style> --- template: cnr ## .big-text[Hello.] ??? So hello- I'm so happy to meet you guys and give this talk on how to learn. Learning is prerequisite for a school. However, as a students, one is rarely taught how to learn effectively. --- name: clouds background-image: url(images/clouds.jpg) background-size: cover --- name: hello template: clouds class: middle, center ### Jigme Tenzin <img style="border-radius: 50%;" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33521501?s=400&u=aeda6d38bfd9c969c69a69490dfe748506231457&v=4" width="150px"/> [<svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> @jigme77](https://github.com/jigme77) [<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> @tenz_jigme](https://twitter.com/tenz_jigme) [<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"></path></svg> jigme-tenzin.netlify.app](https://jigme-tenzin.netlify.app) ??? My name is Jigme Tenzin. I work as lecturer in the department of animal science. Now, I am a trainee at Rural Development Administration, South Korea. --- class: freight-slide, center, middle, inverse # .shadow-text[I love learning.] ??? I feel it is prerequisite for everyone to love learning. In the 21st century, information is available everywhere.But as a student, it has been hard climb. We are bombarded with constant distraction. I try learning new things. I can programme a bit in R and beginner in python programming. I I try to read a lot now. --- template: clouds class: middle, center ## Who are you? --- class: middle, center <div class="flex" style="margin: 0 1em;"> <div class="column"> <h3> You're a student <h3> <img src="images/educator.jpg" style="width: 100%;"> </div> ??? Here's who I know you are... You're an student. You want to learn. You want to do good in life. Probably, learning has been not easy for you. -- <div class="column"style="margin: 0 1em;"> <h3> You have many things to learn and master </h3> <img src="images/subjects.jpg" style="width: 100%;"> </div> ??? You have many materials or subjects or modules to read ... --- class: middle, center <div class="flex" style="margin: 0 1em;"> <div class="column"> <h3> You are a student </h3> <img src="images/educator.jpg" style="width: 100%;"> </div> <div class="column"style="margin: 0 1em;"> <h3> You have many things to learn and master </h3> <img src="images/rmd-buddy.jpg" style=""> </div> -- <div class="column" style="margin: 0 1em;"> <h3> You work really hard </h3> <img src="images/hard-mode.png" style=""> </div> </div> ??? Maybe sometimes too hard. --- class: center background-image: url("images/subjects.jpg") background-size: contain background-color: #f6f6f6 --- class: center background-image: url("images/lesson-time.jpg") background-size: contain background-color: #f6f6f6 ## How it feels ??? As a learner you have many things to study: History, Science, Math, Biology, Chemistry, and Phyiscs --- class: center # How do you learn to ride a bicycle -- ## Step 1: Climb onto it -- ## Step 2: Trying to paddle ... -- ## Step 3: Falls down ... -- ## Step 4: Falls down ... --- class: center # How do you learn to ride a bicycle -- ## Step 5 - 100: Falls down ... -- > # Learning should be like learning to ride a bicycle. You don't give up until you ride them. ??? Learning should be like riding a bicycle and treated like it. If you think carefully, the analogy is same. You will not leave learning the bike half-baked because it is life and death situation. However, in learning - we tend not to understand the concepts really well. --- class: top, center # The joy of riding a bike  --- class: left, top -- # So how do we really learn > ## Your mindset is the bedrock for learning -- .pull-left[ - ### I cannot grow - ### I am not intelligent -------------------- -- ## Fixed Mindset ] -- .pull-right[ - ### I can grow - ### I can work hard ------------------- -- ## Growth Mindset ] ??? before really going into it lets talk about our mindsets. Sometimes we feel that we are not cut out for something. I am not at this, I am not good at this. What you need to do is cultivate a growth mindset. Shift your perspective from fixed mindset to growth mindset. Say I can grow. --- class: center, middle  # [Mindset by Carol Dweck](https://www.amazon.com/Mindset-Psychology-Carol-S-Dweck/dp/0345472322) --- class: inverse, center, middle -- # How to Learn -- ## 1. UNDERSTANDING -- ## 2. REMEMBERING -- ## 3. FOCUSING --- class: middle, center # UNDERSTANDING ??? Understanding a concept is the first prerequisite to learning. If you do not understand, there is no point in remembering. --- class: top, left # Understanding --- class: top, center # Richard Feynman .left-column[ > ## The best teacher I never had.” ### ~ Bill Gates ] .right-column[  ] --- -- # Feynman technique -- ### Teaching it to someone -- > #### If you cannot explain it simply, you haven't understood -- ## How to go about it? -- - ### Keep the language as simple as possible. Try translating it to your native tongue. - ### Drill down to the essence ??? In general, keep the language simple. Try explaining it in own language. Drill down to the essence. How can I explain it in simple words, as simple as possible. For example, what is a research hypothesis? It is a claim that you are making. --- # Question to ask as you learn some new concepts? ## - Does this make sense? Could I explain this to a 5 year old? ## - Explain it to your friends. Ask why? Try explaining, if you cannot explain, then go back and study the concept, fill the gap. --- .left-column[ > ## “When I teach, I get to learn it twice.” ### ~ Jim Kwik, Author of Limitless and Brain Coach ] .right-colum[  ] --- .left-column[ <img src =images/limitless.jpeg width="330" height = "500"> ] .right-column[ > ## “It is not about mental intelligence; it is about mental fitness.” ~ Jim Kwik, Author and Coach > ## "Teaching is a great way to keep learning." ~ Matthea Harvey - an American poet ] --- # The Science of Active Recall > ### Retrieving information memory through, essentially, testing yourself at every stage of the revision process. ## Evidence -- - The first group would read the material only once. -- - The second group would read the material four times. -- - The third group would read the material then were told to make a mind map. -- - The fourth group would red the material once, then recall as much as possible. -- > Karpicke, J. D., & Blunt, J. R. (2011). Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science, 331(6018), 772-775. --- # Strategy -- ### - Think about what you have learned -- ### - Test on the concept -- ### - Practice Retrieval -- ### - Trust the process > #### “Test ourselves as a way to learn new concepts.” > #### Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques: promising direction from cognitive and educational psychology. ~ Dunlosky et al. (2013) --- class: left # Strategy .pull-left[ ## - Closed the book - and write notes ## - Alternative to making notes - ask questions ## - Use Anki flashcards ] .pull-right[ <img src=images/biology.jpeg width = 500 height = 500> ] --- class: center .pull-left[<img src = images/makeitstick.png width = 400 height = 500>] > ### One of the most striking research findings is the power of active retrieval—testing—to strengthen memory, and that the more effortful the retrieval, the stronger the benefit." ~ Peter C. Brown > ### One of the best habits a learner can instill in herself is regular self-quizzing to recalibrate her understanding of what she does and does not know. ~ Peter C. Brown --- # Taking notes during class ---- ## - Handwritten notes are better (University of Washington Research) ## - Harder you have to work for something, better the results ## - Use mindmap to write notes > ### "Notetaking during class also drives away sleep." --- # Taking notes after class ## - Build active recall questions > ### "Consolidate understanding with active recall." <img src = images/excel-questions.png> --- <img src = images/excel-questions.png> --- # Scoping the subject? > ### "Where does the subject fits in whole?" ## - Don't lose the forest for the trees. ## - Look at the syllabus or the module descriptor. ## - Get the gist of the subject as a whole. --- # Why do you need to understand? - **First step towards real learning** - **If you understand, it is easier to retain** - **How do you know that you have understood?** - Internal coherence - Gold standard is to explain it to 5 year olds - **Have a mental model of the subject or concepts** - **Create your own syllabus if you are stuck (find your own resouces)** > ### You can't know everything, but you have to know some things really well. --- class: middle, center # Remembering --- # The Magic of Spaced Repetition .pull-left[ ## Cramming is for short-term ## The forgetting curve - Hermann Ebbinghaus ## Decay of memory ] .pull-right[ <img src = images/forget-curve.png width = 500 height = 500> ] --- class: middle, center ## The more you repeat a topic, longer the retention ## Spaced repetition of a topic > # Study a topic for some time. Then shift to another subject. Harder the retrieval, difficult it is to forget! --- # Retrospective revision timetable ## Retrospective - # Based on topic <img src = images/retrospective.png> --- class: left, top # Spaced repetition dairy ---- ## Building spaced repetition dairy (Prospective diary) - ## 1st of august – Tissues - ## 2nd of August – Tissues - ## 9th of August – Joints - ## 17th of August – Blood --- # The power of interleaved practice ---- ## Mix up practice Choose a topic, study for one hour, next hour choose another topic ## Evidence show when some things are harder, then people learn Loads of evidence especially math practice --- class: center, middle > ## Make you study hard. Mix with Dzongkha, nutrition, academic skills within one study session --- class: middle, center -- # Rereading your notes? -- ## Rereading is probably waste of time -- > “A wealth of research has shown that passive repetitive reading produces little or no benefit for learning. Yet, not only was repetitive reading the most frequently listed strategy, it was also the strategy most often listed as students’ number one choice.” > Dunlosky et al., 2013 --- # "Reread for pleasure, if you have to learn, practice retrieval." <img src = images/reading.jpg> --- # So, why do you enjoy rereading? .pull-left[ ## Easy ## Illusion of understanding ## Passive - don't have to work hard ] .pull-right[ <img src = images/rereading.jpg height = 500 width = 500> ] --- # How to highlight effectively - ## Highlighting is not effective – low utility - ## Highlighting is better than passive rereading - ## Can come back to highlighted paragraph - ## Little bit of advantage if text are highlighted - ## Sort of useful but low utility - ## Helps to concentrate - ## Looks pretty --- class: middle, center # Thank you! All art by [Allison Horst](https://www.allisonhorst.com/) & [Desirée De Leon](https://desiree.rbind.io/). Beautiful pictures from [unsplash](https://unsplash.com) ### Find me at... [<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> @tenz_jigme](http://twitter.com/tenz_jigme) [<svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"></path></svg> @jigme77](http://github.com/jigme77) [<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"></path></svg> jigme-tenzin.netlify.app](https://jigme-tenzin.netlify.app) [<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M440 6.5L24 246.4c-34.4 19.9-31.1 70.8 5.7 85.9L144 379.6V464c0 46.4 59.2 65.5 86.6 28.6l43.8-59.1 111.9 46.2c5.9 2.4 12.1 3.6 18.3 3.6 8.2 0 16.3-2.1 23.6-6.2 12.8-7.2 21.6-20 23.9-34.5l59.4-387.2c6.1-40.1-36.9-68.8-71.5-48.9zM192 464v-64.6l36.6 15.1L192 464zm212.6-28.7l-153.8-63.5L391 169.5c10.7-15.5-9.5-33.5-23.7-21.2L155.8 332.6 48 288 464 48l-59.4 387.3z"></path></svg> jtenzin.cnr@rub.edub.bt](mailto:jtenzin.cnr@rub.edu.bt)